Proxmox VE与Cloud-init

佛西 • 2022-03-30 • pve, 虚拟化

认识Cloud-init

Cloud-Init是一个用于初始化虚拟机的工具。使用Cloud-Init可以在虚拟机管理程序端配置网络设备、ssh 密钥以及用户信息等。当 VM 首次启动时，VM 中的 Cloud-Init程序将读取这些设置，并且执行。

官方文档：https://cloudinit.readthedocs.io/

 

Proxmox VE中的Cloud-init

1. cloud-init格式

Proxmox VE会根据虚拟机的OSTYPE属性，设置cloudinit格式。

属于Linux虚拟机，则使用Nocloud格式。属于Windows虚拟机，则使用configdrive2。当然也支持opennebula格式。

如果需要自定义，则可以通过下面命令实现

qm set <vmid> --citype <configdrive2 | nocloud | opennebula>

在虚拟机配置栏中，添加一个Cloud-init驱动器之后，会在磁盘目录生成一个cloudinit磁盘文件。

  • root@pve1:/mnt/pve/NFS/images/1023# ls -lh

  • total 1.8G

  • -rw-r----- 1 nobody 4294967294 4.4M Mar 21 23:41 vm-1023-cloudinit.qcow2

  • -rw-r----- 1 nobody 4294967294  11G Mar 22 14:31 vm-1023-disk-0.qcow2

将上面的cloudinit磁盘文件挂载，我们可以看到有如下内容。

本文给大家带来3种格式的分别讲解

1.1 opennebula

OpenNebula是一个类似与Openstack的开源云计算平台。

使用opennebula会生成一个context.sh的文件，如下

  • root@pve1:/1# tree /1

  • /1

  • └── context.sh

  • root@pve1:/1# cat context.sh

  • USERNAME=root

  • CRYPTED_PASSWORD_BASE64=JDUkVGpObWZhWkQkdnJYZE1ta2k5N1YwNVpTbnVMMkcwN1VvdExHYi5zL1EyVW5obE5lc09uLg==

  • 

  • SET_HOSTNAME=cit22

  • DNS="10.13.14.51"

  • SEARCH_DOMAIN="testest.com"

  • ETH0_DHCP=YES

  • ETH0_AUTO6=YES

  • NETWORK=YES

 1.2 nocloud

nocloud在根目录下有四个文件

  • meta-data
  • network-config
  • user-data
  • vendor-data

 

  • root@pve1:/# tree /1

  • /1

  • ├── meta-data

  • ├── network-config

  • ├── user-data

  • └── vendor-data

  • 

  • 0 directories, 4 files

  •

meta-data文件

  • 

  • root@pve1:/1# cat meta-data

  • instance-id: 2c6a02fe41ae071a19b06c4b9bdf50dafce8adb0

  •

network-config文件

  • root@pve1:/1# cat network-config

  • version: 1

  • config:

  •     - type: physical

  •       name: eth0

  •       mac_address: 'ac:bd:ef:f3:fb:b7'

  •       subnets:

  •       - type: dhcp4

  •       - type: ipv6_slaac

  •     - type: nameserver

  •       address:

  •       - '10.13.14.51'

  •       search:

  •       - testtest.com'

  •

user-data文件

  • root@pve1:/1# cat user-data

  • #cloud-config

  • hostname: cit22

  • manage_etc_hosts: true

  • user: root

  • disable_root: False

  • password: $5$TjNmfaZD$vrXdMmki97V05ZSnuL2G07UotLGb.s/Q2UnhlNesOn.

  • chpasswd:

  • expire: False

  • package_upgrade: true

  • 

  • packages:

  • - qemu-guest-agent

  • - nginx

  • - aria2

vendor-data无数据

1.3 configdrive2

configdrive2依然有4个文件。

  • root@pve1:/1# tree /1

  • /1

  • └── openstack

  •     ├── content

  •     │   └── 0000

  •     └── latest

  •         ├── meta_data.json

  •         ├── user_data

  •         └── vendor_data.json

  • 

  • 3 directories, 4 files

openstack/content/0000 定义了网络属性

  • root@pve1:/1# cat openstack/content/0000

  • auto lo

  • iface lo inet loopback

  • 

  •         dns_nameservers 10.13.14.51

  •         dns_search testest.com

  • auto eth0

  • iface eth0 inet dhcp

  • iface eth0 inet6 auto

openstack/latest/meta_data.json 定义元数据，同时指引程序去哪里读取网络配置

  • root@pve1:/1# cat openstack/latest/meta_data.json

  • {

  •      "uuid": "efdc255b780dfa1bfe8e6e30102d97f2a8e42642",

  •      "network_config": { "content_path": "/content/0000" }

  • }

openstack/latest/user_data 用户配置文件

  • root@pve1:/1# cat openstack/latest/user_data

  • #cloud-config

  • hostname: cit22

  • manage_etc_hosts: true

  • user: root

  • disable_root: False

  • password: $5$TjNmfaZD$vrXdMmki97V05ZSnuL2G07UotLGb.s/Q2UnhlNesOn.

  • chpasswd:

  •   expire: False

  • package_upgrade: true

  • 

  • 

  • packages:

  •   - qemu-guest-agent

  •   - nginx

  •   - aria2

openstack/latest/vendor_data.json为空

cloudinit的3种格式会更具ostype自动选择，一般不需要改变。

2. cloudinit磁盘

PVE会把网页上可配置的信息，储存在vm config文件中，如下，密码是会打码。

  • root@pve1:~# qm config 1023

  • agent: 1,fstrim_cloned_disks=1

  • boot: order=scsi0

  • cipassword: **********

  • citype: nocloud

  • ciuser: root

  • ide2: NFS:1023/vm-1023-cloudinit.qcow2,media=cdrom

  • ipconfig0: ip=dhcp,ip6=auto

  • meta: creation-qemu=6.1.1,ctime=1647790662

  • name: cit22

  • net0: virtio=AC:BD:EF:F3:FB:B7,bridge=vmbr0,firewall=1

  • ostype: l26

  • scsi0: NFS:1023/vm-1023-disk-0.qcow2,size=10G

  • scsihw: virtio-scsi-single

  • serial0: socket

  • smbios1: uuid=1f11325b-924b-42dc-aa4a-96b32b07186e

  • vmgenid: 93d2e067-c660-4015-a6c8-5208d3e088e5

接着会根据citype和conf信息，生成或者更新相应的类型的qcow2磁盘。如

ide2: NFS:1023/vm-1023-cloudinit.qcow2,media=cdrom

使用命令qm showcmd <vmid>可以看到有如下行，这个磁盘作为cdrom挂载给VM

-drive 'file=/mnt/pve/NFS/images/1023/vm-1023-cloudinit.qcow2,if=none,id=drive-ide2,media=cdrom,aio=io_uring'

3. 虚拟机启动

这里截取了一段虚拟机启动的输出，从输出可以看到cloud-init的初始化过程。

  • Welcome to Ubuntu 20.04.4 LTS!

  • #开始设置hostname

  • [    3.503089] systemd[1]: Set hostname to <cit22>.           

  • [    3.872818] systemd[1]: Created slice system-modprobe.slice.

  • [  OK  ] Created slice system-modprobe.slice.

  • [    3.874739] systemd[1]: Created slice system-serial\x2dgetty.slice.

  • [  OK  ] Created slice system-serial\x2dgetty.slice.

  • [    3.877511] systemd[1]: Created slice system-systemd\x2dfsck.slice.

  • [  OK  ] Created slice system-systemd\x2dfsck.slice.

  • [    3.879692] systemd[1]: Created slice User and Session Slice.

  • [  OK  ] Created slice User and Session Slice.

  • [    3.881410] systemd[1]: Started Forward Password Requests to Wall Directory Watch.

  • [  OK  ] Started Forward Password R…uests to Wall Directory Watch.

  • [    3.883699] systemd[1]: Set up automount Arbitrary Executable File Formats File System Automount Point.

  • [  OK  ] Set up automount Arbitrary…s File System Automount Point.

  • [    3.885721] systemd[1]: Reached target User and Group Name Lookups.

  • [  OK  ] Reached target User and Group Name Lookups.

  • [    3.887231] systemd[1]: Reached target Slices.

  • [  OK  ] Reached target Slices.

  • [    3.889099] systemd[1]: Reached target Swap.

  • [  OK  ] Reached target Swap.

  • [    3.890403] systemd[1]: Listening on Device-mapper event daemon FIFOs.

  • [  OK  ] Listening on Device-mapper event daemon FIFOs.

  • [    3.892177] systemd[1]: Listening on LVM2 poll daemon socket.

  • [  OK  ] Listening on LVM2 poll daemon socket.

  • [    3.893710] systemd[1]: Listening on multipathd control socket.

  • [  OK  ] Listening on multipathd control socket.

  • [    3.895299] systemd[1]: Listening on Syslog Socket.

  • [  OK  ] Listening on Syslog Socket.

  • [    3.896670] systemd[1]: Listening on fsck to fsckd communication Socket.

  • [  OK  ] Listening on fsck to fsckd communication Socket.

  • [    3.898411] systemd[1]: Listening on initctl Compatibility Named Pipe.

  • [  OK  ] Listening on initctl Compatibility Named Pipe.

  • [    3.900176] systemd[1]: Listening on Journal Audit Socket.

  • [  OK  ] Listening on Journal Audit Socket.

  • [    3.901633] systemd[1]: Listening on Journal Socket (/dev/log).

  • [  OK  ] Listening on Journal Socket (/dev/log).

  • [    3.903120] systemd[1]: Listening on Journal Socket.

  • [  OK  ] Listening on Journal Socket.

  • [    3.905281] systemd[1]: Listening on Network Service Netlink Socket.

  • [  OK  ] Listening on Network Service Netlink Socket.

  • [    3.907714] systemd[1]: Listening on udev Control Socket.

  • [  OK  ] Listening on udev Control Socket.

  • [    3.909923] systemd[1]: Listening on udev Kernel Socket.

  • [  OK  ] Listening on udev Kernel Socket.

  • [    3.915361] systemd[1]: Mounting Huge Pages File System...

  •          Mounting Huge Pages File System...

  • [    3.918050] systemd[1]: Mounting POSIX Message Queue File System...

  •          Mounting POSIX Message Queue File System...

  • [    3.924530] systemd[1]: Mounting Kernel Debug File System...

  •          Mounting Kernel Debug File System...

  • [    3.927263] systemd[1]: Mounting Kernel Trace File System...

  •          Mounting Kernel Trace File System...

  • [    3.933970] systemd[1]: Starting Journal Service...

  •          Starting Journal Service...

  • [    3.936664] systemd[1]: Starting Set the console keyboard layout...

  •          Starting Set the console keyboard layout...

  • [    3.945959] systemd[1]: Starting Create list of static device nodes for the current kernel...

  •          Starting Create list of stodes for the current kernel...

  • [    3.952008] systemd[1]: Starting Monitoring of LVM2 mirrors, snapshots etc. using dmeventd or progress polling...

  •          Starting Monitoring of LVM…meventd or progress polling...

  • [    3.958350] systemd[1]: Starting Load Kernel Module drm...

  •          Starting Load Kernel Module drm...

  • [    3.961961] systemd[1]: Condition check resulted in OpenVSwitch configuration for cleanup being skipped.

  • [    3.965423] systemd[1]: Condition check resulted in Set Up Additional Binary Formats being skipped.

  • [    3.966742] systemd[1]: Condition check resulted in File System Check on Root Device being skipped.

  • [    3.973440] systemd[1]: Starting Load Kernel Modules...

  •          Starting Load Kernel Modules...

  • [    3.980812] systemd[1]: Starting Remount Root and Kernel File Systems...

  •          Starting Remount Root and Kernel File Systems...

  • [    3.985727] systemd[1]: Starting udev Coldplug all Devices...

  •          Starting udev Coldplug all Devices...

  • [    3.991607] systemd[1]: Starting Uncomplicated firewall...

  •          Starting Uncomplicated firewall...

  • [    3.999573] systemd[1]: Mounted Huge Pages File System.

  • [  OK  ] Mounted Huge Pages File System.

  • [    4.006549] systemd[1]: Mounted POSIX Message Queue File System.

  • [  OK  ] Mounted POSIX Message Queue File System.

  • [    4.012949] systemd[1]: Mounted Kernel Debug File System.

  • [  OK  ] Mounted Kernel Debug File System.

  • [    4.015188] systemd[1]: Mounted Kernel Trace File System.

  • [  OK  ] Mounted Kernel Trace File System.

  • [    4.020671] systemd[1]: Finished Create list of static device nodes for the current kernel.

  • [  OK  ] Finished Create list of st… nodes for the current kernel.

  • [    4.029260] systemd[1]: Finished Uncomplicated firewall.

  • [  OK  ] Finished Uncomplicated firewall.

  • [    4.044876] EXT4-fs (sda1): re-mounted. Opts: (null)

  • [    4.050101] IPMI message handler: version 39.2

  • [    4.053614] systemd[1]: Finished Remount Root and Kernel File Systems.

  • [  OK  ] Finished Remount Root and Kernel File Systems.

  • [    4.057375] systemd[1]: Condition check resulted in Rebuild Hardware Database being skipped.

  • [    4.058588] systemd[1]: Condition check resulted in Platform Persistent Storage Archival being skipped.

  • [    4.062594] ipmi device interface

  • [    4.063305] systemd[1]: Starting Load/Save Random Seed...

  •          Starting Load/Save Random Seed...

  • [    4.070159] systemd[1]: Starting Create System Users...

  •          Starting Create System Users...

  • [    4.074369] systemd[1]: modprobe@drm.service: Succeeded.

  • [    4.079589] systemd[1]: Finished Load Kernel Module drm.

  • [  OK  ] Finished Load Kernel Module drm.

  • [    4.087037] systemd[1]: Finished Load Kernel Modules.

  • [  OK  ] Finished Load Kernel Modules.

  • [    4.092847] systemd[1]: Mounting FUSE Control File System...

  •          Mounting FUSE Control File System...

  • [    4.096808] systemd[1]: Mounting Kernel Configuration File System...

  •          Mounting Kernel Configuration File System...

  • [    4.105370] systemd[1]: Starting Apply Kernel Variables...

  •          Starting Apply Kernel Variables...

  • [    4.111405] systemd[1]: Mounted FUSE Control File System.

  • [  OK  ] Mounted FUSE Control File System.

  • [    4.119657] systemd[1]: Mounted Kernel Configuration File System.

  • [  OK  ] Mounted Kernel Configuration File System.

  • [    4.124678] systemd[1]: Finished Load/Save Random Seed.

  • [  OK  ] Finished Load/Save Random Seed.

  • [    4.135160] systemd[1]: Finished Monitoring of LVM2 mirrors, snapshots etc. using dmeventd or progress polling.

  • [  OK  ] Finished Monitoring of LVM dmeventd or progress polling.

  • [    4.143898] systemd[1]: Finished Create System Users.

  • [  OK  ] Finished Create System Users.

  • [    4.149956] systemd[1]: Starting Create Static Device Nodes in /dev...

  •          Starting Create Static Device Nodes in /dev...

  • [  OK  ] Finished Apply Kernel Variables.

  • [  OK  ] Finished Create Static Device Nodes in /dev.

  •          Starting udev Kernel Device Manager...

  • [  OK  ] Started Journal Service.

  •          Starting Flush Journal to Persistent Storage...

  • [  OK  ] Started udev Kernel Device Manager.

  • [  OK  ] Finished udev Coldplug all Devices.

  •          Starting udev Wait for Complete Device Initialization...

  • [  OK  ] Finished Set the console keyboard layout.

  • [  OK  ] Started Dispatch Password …ts to Console Directory Watch.

  • [  OK  ] Reached target Local Encrypted Volumes.

  • [  OK  ] Finished Flush Journal to Persistent Storage.

  • [  OK  ] Found device /dev/ttyS0.

  • [  OK  ] Listening on Load/Save RF …itch Status /dev/rfkill Watch.

  • [  OK  ] Found device QEMU_HARDDISK UEFI.

  • [  OK  ] Finished udev Wait for Complete Device Initialization.

  •          Starting Device-Mapper Multipath Device Controller...

  • [  OK  ] Started Device-Mapper Multipath Device Controller.

  • [  OK  ] Reached target Local File Systems (Pre).

  •          Mounting Mount unit for core20, revision 1270...

  •          Mounting Mount unit for core20, revision 1376...

  •          Mounting Mount unit for lxd, revision 21835...

  •          Mounting Mount unit for lxd, revision 22526...

  •          Mounting Mount unit for snapd, revision 15177...

  •          Starting File System Check on /dev/disk/by-label/UEFI...

  • [  OK  ] Started File System Check Daemon to report status.

  • [  OK  ] Mounted Mount unit for lxd, revision 21835.

  • [  OK  ] Mounted Mount unit for core20, revision 1376.

  • [  OK  ] Mounted Mount unit for snapd, revision 15177.

  • [  OK  ] Mounted Mount unit for core20, revision 1270.

  • [  OK  ] Mounted Mount unit for lxd, revision 22526.

  • [  OK  ] Finished File System Check on /dev/disk/by-label/UEFI.

  •          Mounting /boot/efi...

  • [  OK  ] Mounted /boot/efi.

  • [  OK  ] Reached target Local File Systems.

  •          Starting Load AppArmor profiles...

  •          Starting Set console font and keymap...

  •          Starting Create final runt…dir for shutdown pivot root...

  •          Starting Tell Plymouth To Write Out Runtime Data...

  •          Starting Create Volatile Files and Directories...

  • [  OK  ] Finished Create final runt…e dir for shutdown pivot root.

  • [  OK  ] Finished Set console font and keymap.

  • [  OK  ] Finished Tell Plymouth To Write Out Runtime Data.

  • [  OK  ] Finished Create Volatile Files and Directories.

  •          Starting Network Time Synchronization...

  •          Starting Update UTMP about System Boot/Shutdown...

  • [  OK  ] Finished Update UTMP about System Boot/Shutdown.

  • [  OK  ] Finished Load AppArmor profiles.

  •          Starting Load AppArmor pro…managed internally by snapd...

  • #初始化网络

  •          Starting Initial cloud-init job (pre-networking)...

  • [  OK  ] Finished Load AppArmor pro…s managed internally by snapd.

  • [  OK  ] Started Network Time Synchronization.

  • [  OK  ] Reached target System Time Set.

  • [  OK  ] Reached target System Time Synchronized.

  • [    7.044738] cloud-init[521]: Cloud-init v. 21.4-0ubuntu1~20.04.1 running 'init-local' at Tue, 22 Mar 2022 08:06:54 +0000. Up 6.87 seconds.

  • [  OK  ] Finished Initial cloud-init job (pre-networking).

  • [  OK  ] Reached target Network (Pre).

  •          Starting Network Service...

  • [  OK  ] Started Network Service.

  •          Starting Wait for Network to be Configured...

  •          Starting Network Name Resolution...

  • [  OK  ] Started Network Name Resolution.

  • [  OK  ] Reached target Network.

  • [  OK  ] Reached target Host and Network Name Lookups.

  • [  OK  ] Finished Wait for Network to be Configured.

  •          Starting Initial cloud-ini… (metadata service crawler)...

  • [    9.645809] cloud-init[541]: Cloud-init v. 21.4-0ubuntu1~20.04.1 running 'init' at Tue, 22 Mar 2022 08:06:56 +0000. Up 9.53 seconds.

  • [    9.647124] cloud-init[541]: ci-info: +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++Net device info+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

  • [    9.648486] cloud-init[541]: ci-info: +--------+------+------------------------------+---------------+--------+-------------------+

  • [    9.652580] cloud-init[541]: ci-info: | Device |  Up  |           Address            |      Mask     | Scope  |     Hw-Address    |

  • [    9.653702] cloud-init[541]: ci-info: +--------+------+------------------------------+---------------+--------+-------------------+

  • [    9.655227] cloud-init[541]: ci-info: |  eth0  | True |         10.13.14.107         | 255.255.255.0 | global | ac:bd:ef:f3:fb:b7 |

  • [    9.656795] cloud-init[541]: ci-info: |  eth0  | True | fe80::aebd:efff:fef3:fbb7/64 |       .       |  link  | ac:bd:ef:f3:fb:b7 |

  • [    9.658218] cloud-init[541]: ci-info: |   lo   | True |          127.0.0.1           |   255.0.0.0   |  host  |         .         |

  • [    9.660497] cloud-init[541]: ci-info: |   lo   | True |           ::1/128            |       .       |  host  |         .         |

  • [    9.661837] cloud-init[541]: ci-info: +--------+------+------------------------------+---------------+--------+-------------------+

  • [    9.664209] cloud-init[541]: ci-info: ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++Route IPv4 info++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

  • [    9.667326] cloud-init[541]: ci-info: +-------+-------------+-------------+-----------------+-----------+-------+

  • [    9.671211] cloud-init[541]: ci-info: | Route | Destination |   Gateway   |     Genmask     | Interface | Flags |

  • [    9.673538] cloud-init[541]: ci-info: +-------+-------------+-------------+-----------------+-----------+-------+

  • [    9.675636] cloud-init[541]: ci-info: |   0   |   0.0.0.0   | 10.13.14.99 |     0.0.0.0     |    eth0   |   UG  |

  • [    9.678032] cloud-init[541]: ci-info: |   1   |  10.13.14.0 |   0.0.0.0   |  255.255.255.0  |    eth0   |   U   |

  • [    9.681857] cloud-init[541]: ci-info: |   2   | 10.13.14.99 |   0.0.0.0   | 255.255.255.255 |    eth0   |   UH  |

  • [    9.685593] cloud-init[541]: ci-info: +-------+-------------+-------------+-----------------+-----------+-------+

  • [    9.687086] cloud-init[541]: ci-info: +++++++++++++++++++Route IPv6 info+++++++++++++++++++

  • [    9.689285] cloud-init[541]: ci-info: +-------+-------------+---------+-----------+-------+

  • [    9.692577] cloud-init[541]: ci-info: | Route | Destination | Gateway | Interface | Flags |

  • [    9.693515] cloud-init[541]: ci-info: +-------+-------------+---------+-----------+-------+

  • [    9.695989] cloud-init[541]: ci-info: |   1   |  fe80::/64  |    ::   |    eth0   |   U   |

  • [    9.698265] cloud-init[541]: ci-info: |   3   |    local    |    ::   |    eth0   |   U   |

  • [    9.699175] cloud-init[541]: ci-info: |   4   |  multicast  |    ::   |    eth0   |   U   |

  • [    9.700140] cloud-init[541]: ci-info: +-------+-------------+---------+-----------+-------+

  • [  OK  ] Finished Initial cloud-ini…ob (metadata service crawler).

  • [  OK  ] Reached target Cloud-config availability.

  • [  OK  ] Reached target Network is Online.

  • [  OK  ] Reached target System Initialization.

  • [  OK  ] Started Trigger to poll fo…y enabled on GCP LTS non-pro).

  • [  OK  ] Started Daily apt download activities.

  • [  OK  ] Started Daily apt upgrade and clean activities.

  • [  OK  ] Started Periodic ext4 Onli…ata Check for All Filesystems.

  • [  OK  ] Started Discard unused blocks once a week.

  • [  OK  ] Started Refresh fwupd metadata regularly.

  • [  OK  ] Started Daily rotation of log files.

  • [  OK  ] Started Daily man-db regeneration.

  • [  OK  ] Started Message of the Day.

  • [  OK  ] Started Daily Cleanup of Temporary Directories.

  • [  OK  ] Started Ubuntu Advantage Timer for running repeated jobs.

  • [  OK  ] Reached target Paths.

  • [  OK  ] Reached target Timers.

  • [  OK  ] Listening on cloud-init hotplug hook socket.

  • [  OK  ] Listening on D-Bus System Message Bus Socket.

  • [  OK  ] Listening on Open-iSCSI iscsid Socket.

  • [  OK  ] Listening on Socket unix for snap application lxd.daemon.

  •          Starting Socket activation for snappy daemon.

  • [  OK  ] Listening on UUID daemon activation socket.

  • [  OK  ] Reached target Remote File Systems (Pre).

  • [  OK  ] Reached target Remote File Systems.

  •          Starting Availability of block devices...

  • [  OK  ] Listening on Socket activation for snappy daemon.

  • [  OK  ] Reached target Sockets.

  • [  OK  ] Reached target Basic System.

  •          Starting Accounts Service...

  •          Starting LSB: automatic crash report generation...

  •          Starting Deferred execution scheduler...

  • [  OK  ] Started Regular background program processing daemon.

  • [  OK  ] Started D-Bus System Message Bus.

  • [  OK  ] Started Save initial kernel messages after boot.

  •          Starting Remove Stale Onli…t4 Metadata Check Snapshots...

  •          Starting Record successful boot for GRUB...

  • [  OK  ] Started irqbalance daemon.

  •          Starting Dispatcher daemon for systemd-networkd...

  •          Starting A high performanc… and a reverse proxy server...

  •          Starting Authorization Manager...

  • [  OK  ] Started QEMU Guest Agent.

  •          Starting System Logging Service...

  •          Starting Service for snap application lxd.activate...

  •          Starting Snap Daemon...

  •          Starting OpenBSD Secure Shell server...

  •          Starting Login Service...

  •          Starting Permit User Sessions...

  •          Starting Disk Manager...

  • [  OK  ] Finished Availability of block devices.

  • [  OK  ] Started Deferred execution scheduler.

  • [  OK  ] Finished Permit User Sessions.

  •          Starting Hold until boot process finishes up...

  •          Starting Terminate Plymouth Boot Screen...

  • [  OK  ] Finished Hold until boot process finishes up.

  • [  OK  ] Started Serial Getty on ttyS0.

  •          Starting Set console scheme...

  • [  OK  ] Finished Terminate Plymouth Boot Screen.

  • [  OK  ] Finished Set console scheme.

  • [  OK  ] Created slice system-getty.slice.

  • [  OK  ] Started Getty on tty1.

  • [  OK  ] Reached target Login Prompts.

  • [  OK  ] Started System Logging Service.

  • [  OK  ] Finished Record successful boot for GRUB.

  •          Starting GRUB failed boot detection...

  • [  OK  ] Finished GRUB failed boot detection.

  • [  OK  ] Finished Remove Stale Onli…ext4 Metadata Check Snapshots.

  • [  OK  ] Started LSB: automatic crash report generation.

  • [  OK  ] Started Authorization Manager.

  •          Starting Modem Manager...

  • [  OK  ] Started OpenBSD Secure Shell server.

  • [  OK  ] Started A high performanceer and a reverse proxy server.

  • [  OK  ] Started Accounts Service.

  • [  OK  ] Started Modem Manager.

  • [  OK  ] Started Login Service.

  • [  OK  ] Started Unattended Upgrades Shutdown.

  • [  OK  ] Started Disk Manager.

  • [  OK  ] Started Dispatcher daemon for systemd-networkd.

  • [  OK  ] Started Snap Daemon.

  •          Starting Wait until snapd is fully seeded...

  •          Starting Time & Date Service...

  • [  OK  ] Started Time & Date Service.

  • [  OK  ] Finished Wait until snapd is fully seeded.

  •          Starting Apply the settings specified in cloud-config...

  • [  OK  ] Finished Service for snap application lxd.activate.

  • [  OK  ] Reached target Multi-User System.

  • [  OK  ] Reached target Graphical Interface.

  •          Starting Update UTMP about System Runlevel Changes...

  • [  OK  ] Finished Update UTMP about System Runlevel Changes.

  • [   13.785415] cloud-init[780]: Cloud-init v. 21.4-0ubuntu1~20.04.1 running 'modules:config' at Tue, 22 Mar 2022 08:07:01 +0000. Up 13.68 seconds.

  • [  OK  ] Finished Apply the settings specified in cloud-config.

  •          Starting Execute cloud user/final scripts...

  • [   14.274127] cloud-init[785]: Cloud-init v. 21.4-0ubuntu1~20.04.1 running 'modules:final' at Tue, 22 Mar 2022 08:07:01 +0000. Up 14.16 seconds.

  • #cloud-init完成

  • [   14.275588] cloud-init[785]: Cloud-init v. 21.4-0ubuntu1~20.04.1 finished at Tue, 22 Mar 2022 08:07:01 +0000. Datasource DataSourceNoCloud [seed=/dev/sr0][dsmode=net].  Up 14.26 seconds

  • [  OK  ] Finished Execute cloud user/final scripts.

  • [  OK  ] Reached target Cloud-init target.

  • 

  • Ubuntu 20.04.4 LTS cit22 ttyS0

  • 

  • cit22 login: 

展开

 

4. 使用Cloud-init

 

如何使用cloud-init可以参考

https://pve.proxmox.com/wiki/Cloud-Init_Support

在Proxmox VE pve里使用cloud-init 构建（centos\ubuntu\debian）cloud images (buduanwang.vip)

5. Cloud-init自定义

PVE本身的Cloud-init功能比较基本。对Linux虚拟机支持比较好。在Windows支持上还比较弱。

从上文中，可以看到Cloud-init有4个组件

  • meta-data
  • network-config
  • user-data
  • vendor-data

我们可以使用命令

qm cloudinit dump <vmid> <user | network | meta>

来获取VM的默认配置，如userdata

  • root@pve1:~#  qm cloudinit dump 1023 user

  • #cloud-config

  • hostname: cit22

  • manage_etc_hosts: true

  • user: root

  • disable_root: False

  • password: $5$TjNmfaZD$vrXdMmki97V05ZSnuL2G07UotLGb.s/Q2UnhlNesOn.

  • chpasswd:

  •   expire: False

  • package_upgrade: true

如network

  • root@pve1:~#  qm cloudinit dump 1023 network

  • version: 1

  • config:

  •     - type: physical

  •       name: eth0

  •       mac_address: 'ac:bd:ef:f3:fb:b7'

  •       subnets:

  •       - type: dhcp4

  •       - type: ipv6_slaac

  •     - type: nameserver

  •       address:

  •       - '10.13.14.51'

  •       search:

  •       - 'testtest.com'

  •

如meta-data

  • root@pve1:~#  qm cloudinit dump 1023 meta

  • instance-id: 76ee35d56704bb4d168e99e3eba8af8b32aa8674

有时候官方的默认配置无法满足要求。可以自定义元数据。如下面

qm set 9000 --cicustom "user=<volume>,network=<volume>,meta=<volume>"

自定义配置文件，需要放置到snippets文件夹下，如

qm set 9000 --cicustom "user=local:snippets/userconfig.yaml" 

自定义配置文件在PVE上有如下特性：

  • 自定义数据会覆盖默认数据
  • 未配置时使用默认数据

比如。自定义了userconfig.yaml数据。那么VM配置文件中user信息将不可用。

但其他的如network、meta信息仍然可用。

这种方式比较适用于程序环境，小型环境显而易见比较繁琐。

有个简单的方法，就是修改PVE的Cloud-init的生成代码。

编辑/usr/share/perl5/PVE/QemuServer/Cloudinit.pm 文件（注意！请备份后再修改）

如下面的片段就是一个userdata

  • sub cloudinit_userdata {

  •     my ($conf, $vmid) = @_;

  • 

  •     my ($hostname, $fqdn) = get_hostname_fqdn($conf, $vmid);

  • 

  •     my $content = "#cloud-config\n";

  • 

  •     $content .= "hostname: $hostname\n";

  •     $content .= "manage_etc_hosts: true\n";

  •     $content .= "fqdn: $fqdn\n" if defined($fqdn);

  • 

  •     my $username = $conf->{ciuser};

  •     my $password = $conf->{cipassword};

  • 

  •     $content .= "user: $username\n" if defined($username);

  •     $content .= "disable_root: False\n" if defined($username) && $username eq 'root';

  •     $content .= "password: $password\n" if defined($password);

  • 

  •     if (defined(my $keys = $conf->{sshkeys})) {

  •         $keys = URI::Escape::uri_unescape($keys);

  •         $keys = [map { my $key = $_; chomp $key; $key } split(/\n/, $keys)];

  •         $keys = [grep { /\S/ } @$keys];

  •         $content .= "ssh_authorized_keys:\n";

  •         foreach my $k (@$keys) {

  •             $content .= "  - $k\n";

  •         }

  •     }

  •     $content .= "chpasswd:\n";

  •     $content .= "  expire: False\n";

  • 

  •     if (!defined($username) || $username ne 'root') {

  •         $content .= "users:\n";

  •         $content .= "  - default\n";

  •     }

  • 

  •     $content .= "package_upgrade: true\n";

  • 

  •     return $content;

  • }

展开

修改之后，执行systemctl restart pvedaemon

若要对Windows虚拟机配置Cloud-init，请参考Windows系统初始化工具Cloudbase-init

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作者：佛西
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文章目录

1. cloud-init格式

2. cloudinit磁盘

3. 虚拟机启动

4. 使用Cloud-init

5. Cloud-init自定义

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