使用杂种vGPU驱动保留宿主机CUDA能力

Intel • 2024-06-02 • pve

问题背景

当使用官方版本的vGPU驱动时，默认不会安装CUDA等外围

因此在宿主机启用vGPU时，CUDA等功能无法使用

但在某些特殊场景下，又希望在宿主机上使用同时N卡的CUDA能力与vGPU

准备验证环境

一个显著的特征就是，CUDA Version一栏为N/A

宿主机安装pytorch环境

安装大家常用的pytorch尝试调用

为了避免pytorch污染宿主机环境，此处使用venv对环境进行隔离

随后创建venv环境

python3 -m venv venv

安装pytorch环境

root@pve:/mnt/nvme0n1p5/pytorch# python3 -m venv venv
root@pve:/mnt/nvme0n1p5/pytorch# source ./venv/bin/activate
(venv) root@pve:/mnt/nvme0n1p5/pytorch# pip config set global.index-url https://mirror.sjtu.edu.cn/pypi/web/simple
Writing to /root/.config/pip/pip.conf
(venv) root@pve:/mnt/nvme0n1p5/pytorch# pip install torch==2.3.0+cu121 -f https://mirror.sjtu.edu.cn/pytorch-wheels/torch_stable.
html  --no-cache-dir
Looking in indexes: https://mirror.sjtu.edu.cn/pypi/web/simple
Looking in links: https://mirror.sjtu.edu.cn/pytorch-wheels/torch_stable.html
Collecting torch==2.3.0+cu121
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Collecting nvidia-cuda-nvrtc-cu12==12.1.105
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Collecting nvidia-cuda-runtime-cu12==12.1.105
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Collecting nvidia-cuda-cupti-cu12==12.1.105
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Collecting nvidia-cudnn-cu12==8.9.2.26
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Collecting nvidia-cublas-cu12==12.1.3.1
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Collecting nvidia-curand-cu12==10.3.2.106
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Collecting nvidia-cusolver-cu12==11.4.5.107
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Collecting nvidia-cusparse-cu12==12.1.0.106
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Collecting nvidia-nccl-cu12==2.20.5
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Collecting nvidia-nvtx-cu12==12.1.105
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Collecting triton==2.3.0
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Collecting nvidia-nvjitlink-cu12
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Collecting MarkupSafe>=2.0
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Collecting mpmath<1.4.0,>=1.1.0
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Installing collected packages: mpmath, typing-extensions, sympy, nvidia-nvtx-cu12, nvidia-nvjitlink-cu12, nvidia-nccl-cu12, nvidia-curand-cu12, nvidia-cufft-cu12, nvidia-cuda-runtime-cu12, nvidia-cuda-nvrtc-cu12, nvidia-cuda-cupti-cu12, nvidia-cublas-cu12, networkx, MarkupSafe, fsspec, filelock, triton, nvidia-cusparse-cu12, nvidia-cudnn-cu12, jinja2, nvidia-cusolver-cu12, torch
Successfully installed MarkupSafe-2.1.5 filelock-3.14.0 fsspec-2024.5.0 jinja2-3.1.4 mpmath-1.3.0 networkx-3.3 nvidia-cublas-cu12-12.1.3.1 nvidia-cuda-cupti-cu12-12.1.105 nvidia-cuda-nvrtc-cu12-12.1.105 nvidia-cuda-runtime-cu12-12.1.105 nvidia-cudnn-cu12-8.9.2.26 nvidia-cufft-cu12-11.0.2.54 nvidia-curand-cu12-10.3.2.106 nvidia-cusolver-cu12-11.4.5.107 nvidia-cusparse-cu12-12.1.0.106 nvidia-nccl-cu12-2.20.5 nvidia-nvjitlink-cu12-12.5.40 nvidia-nvtx-cu12-12.1.105 sympy-1.12.1 torch-2.3.0+cu121 triton-2.3.0 typing-extensions-4.12.0
(venv) root@pve:/mnt/nvme0n1p5/pytorch# pip install pandas --no-cache-dir
Looking in indexes: https://mirror.sjtu.edu.cn/pypi/web/simple
Collecting pandas
Downloading https://mirror.sjtu.edu.cn/pypi-packages/fc/a5/4d82be566f069d7a9a702dcdf6f9106df0e0b042e738043c0cc7ddd7e3f6/pandas-2.2.2-cp311-cp311-manylinux_2_17_x86_64.manylinux2014_x86_64.whl (13.0 MB)
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Collecting numpy>=1.23.2
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Collecting python-dateutil>=2.8.2
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Collecting six>=1.5
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Installing collected packages: pytz, tzdata, six, numpy, python-dateutil, pandas
Successfully installed numpy-1.26.4 pandas-2.2.2 python-dateutil-2.9.0.post0 pytz-2024.1 six-1.16.0 tzdata-2024.1

准备测试脚本

安装完成后，使用简单的脚本进行验证

import inspect
from collections import defaultdict
import pandas as pd
from torch.utils import benchmark
import torch

pd.options.display.precision = 3


def var_dict(*args):
    callers_local_vars = inspect.currentframe().f_back.f_locals.items()
    return dict([(name, val) for name, val in callers_local_vars if val is arg][0]
                for arg in args)


def walltime(stmt, arg_dict, duration=3):
    return benchmark.Timer(stmt=stmt, globals=arg_dict).blocked_autorange(
        min_run_time=duration).median

print(torch.cuda.get_device_name(0))
matmul_tflops = defaultdict(lambda: {})
for n in [128, 512]:
    for dtype in (torch.float32, torch.float16):
        a = torch.randn(n, n, dtype=dtype).cuda()
        b = torch.randn(n, n, dtype=dtype).cuda()
        t = walltime('a @ b', var_dict(a, b))
        matmul_tflops[f'n={n}'][dtype] = 2 * n ** 3 / t / 1e12
        del a, b

print(pd.DataFrame(matmul_tflops))

这个脚本干了三件事，一个就是获取显卡名称，另外就是简单跑跑fp32与fp16(也就是大家说的半精度)

 

纯种vGPU驱动验证pytorch功能

(venv) root@pve:/mnt/nvme0n1p5/pytorch# python3 test.py 
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/mnt/nvme0n1p5/pytorch/test.py", line 20, in <module>
    print(torch.cuda.get_device_name(0))
          ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "/mnt/nvme0n1p5/pytorch/venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/torch/cuda/__init__.py", line 414, in get_device_name
    return get_device_properties(device).name
           ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "/mnt/nvme0n1p5/pytorch/venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/torch/cuda/__init__.py", line 444, in get_device_properties
    _lazy_init()  # will define _get_device_properties
    ^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "/mnt/nvme0n1p5/pytorch/venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/torch/cuda/__init__.py", line 293, in _lazy_init
    torch._C._cuda_init()
RuntimeError: Found no NVIDIA driver on your system. Please check that you have an NVIDIA GPU and installed a driver from http://www.nvidia.com/Download/index.aspx
(venv) root@pve:/mnt/nvme0n1p5/pytorch# nvidia-smi
Sat Jun  1 23:48:38 2024       
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| NVIDIA-SMI 550.54.10              Driver Version: 550.54.10      CUDA Version: N/A      |
|-----------------------------------------+------------------------+----------------------+
| GPU  Name                 Persistence-M | Bus-Id          Disp.A | Volatile Uncorr. ECC |
| Fan  Temp   Perf          Pwr:Usage/Cap |           Memory-Usage | GPU-Util  Compute M. |
|                                         |                        |               MIG M. |
|=========================================+========================+======================|
|   0  NVIDIA CMP 40HX                On  |   00000000:01:00.0 Off |                  N/A |
| 44%   55C    P8             21W /  184W |      61MiB /   8192MiB |      0%      Default |
|                                         |                        |                  N/A |
+-----------------------------------------+------------------------+----------------------+
                                                                                         
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Processes:                                                                              |
|  GPU   GI   CI        PID   Type   Process name                              GPU Memory |
|        ID   ID                                                               Usage      |
|=========================================================================================|
|  No running processes found                                                             |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+

如上所示，在有N卡并安装了nVidia vGPU驱动的情况下，cuda相关内容无法被pytorch调用

 

解决方案：安装杂种驱动

安装杂种驱动与安装vGPU驱动方法无异,已经提供了相关安装包，运行下面命令即可安装定制过的杂种驱动

安装vGPU驱动的方法可以参考本站旧文章，虽然系统是PVE7版本，但是过程没有变化

./NVIDIA-Linux-x86_64-550.54.14-merged-vgpu-kvm-patched-kernel6.8-OA5500.run -m kernel

记得这个-m kernel 一定要带上，不然不小心装了kernel-open就寄了

显著特征就是，CUDA Version已经不是N/A了，而是展示了当前支持的最高版本12.4

安装完成驱动后还需使用下面命令检查

root@pve:~# ls /dev/nvidia* -l
crw-rw-rw- 1 root root 195,   0 Jun  1 23:09 /dev/nvidia0
crw-rw-rw- 1 root root 195, 255 Jun  1 23:09 /dev/nvidiactl
crw-rw-rw- 1 root root 507,   0 Jun  1 23:53 /dev/nvidia-uvm
crw-rw-rw- 1 root root 507,   1 Jun  1 23:53 /dev/nvidia-uvm-tools
crw-rw-rw- 1 root root 508,   1 Jun  2 00:03 /dev/nvidia-vgpu1

/dev/nvidia-caps:
total 0
cr-------- 1 root root 511, 1 Jun  1 23:28 nvidia-cap1
cr--r--r-- 1 root root 511, 2 Jun  1 23:28 nvidia-cap2

如果命令运行后与以上返回不大一致，需要运行

modprobe nvidia-uvm && /usr/bin/nvidia-modprobe -c0 -u

该命令没有回显，执行完成后再次运行命令检查，至少要有nvidia-uvm出现，否则cuda功能工作大概率依旧异常

验证杂种驱动功能

接下来会验证宿主机与lxc的pytorch调用cuda能力

宿主机跑pytorch

(venv) root@pve:/mnt/nvme0n1p5/pytorch# nvidia-smi vgpu
Sun Jun  2 00:06:07 2024       
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| NVIDIA-SMI 550.54.14              Driver Version: 550.54.14                 |
|---------------------------------+------------------------------+------------+
| GPU  Name                       | Bus-Id                       | GPU-Util   |
|      vGPU ID     Name           | VM ID     VM Name            | vGPU-Util  |
|=================================+==============================+============|
|   0  NVIDIA CMP 40HX            | 00000000:01:00.0             |   1%       |
|      3251634216  GRID RTX600... | c269...  windows10,debug-... |      0%    |
+---------------------------------+------------------------------+------------+
(venv) root@pve:/mnt/nvme0n1p5/pytorch# python test.py 
NVIDIA CMP 40HX
               n=128  n=512
torch.float32  0.392  6.123
torch.float16  0.355  0.943
(venv) root@pve:/mnt/nvme0n1p5/pytorch# uname -a
Linux pve 6.8.4-3-pve #1 SMP PREEMPT_DYNAMIC PMX 6.8.4-3 (2024-05-02T11:55Z) x86_64 GNU/Linux

如上，pytorch功能正常在开启vGPU的情况下被使用

 

lxc跑pytorch

在宿主机直接跑负载也就图一乐

真跑负载还得在虚拟机或者是lxc里面，不过这个本来就是vGPU驱动，相信大家熟得很就不跑了

这里跑跑lxc

创建lxc

这里选用debian-11-standard_11.7-1_amd64.tar.zst这个作为本次案例

反正就是正常创建个lxc就是

 修改lxc配置

在本次案例中，lxc是121号，因此修改配置的命令就是

vim /etc/pve/lxc/121.conf

然后如图所示，添加下面这些

lxc.cgroup2.devices.allow: c *:* rwm
lxc.mount.entry: /dev/nvidia0 dev/nvidia0 none bind,optional,create=file
lxc.mount.entry: /dev/nvidiactl dev/nvidiactl none bind,optional,create=file
lxc.mount.entry: /dev/nvidia-caps dev/nvidia-caps none bind,optional,create=file
lxc.mount.entry: /dev/nvidia-uvm dev/nvidia-uvm none bind,optional,create=file
lxc.mount.entry: /dev/nvidia-uvm-tools dev/nvidia-uvm-tools none bind,optional,create=file

这里需要说明的是，在lxc跑docker还需要添加其他内容

本案例仅说明使用cuda能力的部分，因此没有相关内容

需使用docker请添加docker相关内容

lxc中安装杂种驱动

首先运行ls /dev/nvidia* -l 确保该通进来的进来了

随后，从宿主机把杂种驱动复制进来

pct push 121 ./NVIDIA-Linux-x86_64-550.54.14-merged-vgpu-kvm-patched-kernel6.8-OA5500.run /root/NVIDIA-Linux-x86_64-550.54.14-merged-vgpu-kvm-patched-kernel6.8-OA5500.run

命令没有回显，进入lxc中检查并运行

注意这里的参数，是--no-kernel-module

./NVIDIA-Linux-x86_64-550.54.14-merged-vgpu-kvm-patched-kernel6.8-OA5500.run --no-kernel-module

然后一路装就是了

确认一下杂种驱动安装完成

lxc中安装pytorch

首先换个源

sed -i 's|^deb http://ftp.debian.org|deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn|g' /etc/apt/sources.list
sed -i 's|^deb http://security.debian.org|deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian-security|g' /etc/apt/sources.list
sed -i 's/deb.debian.org/mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/g' /etc/apt/sources.list
apt update

然后还是装pip

apt install python3.11-venv

创建venv，虽然lxc本来就隔离了，但习惯创建了

python3 -m venv venv
source ./venv/bin/activate

再把pytorch装上

pip config set global.index-url https://mirror.sjtu.edu.cn/pypi/web/simple

pip install pandas torch==2.3.0+cu121 -f https://mirror.sjtu.edu.cn/pytorch-wheels/torch_stable.html --no-cache-dir

lxc中验证杂种驱动运行pytorch能力

首先老样子把测试脚本丢进去

pct push 121 /mnt/nvme0n1p5/pytorch/test.py /root/test.py

至于具体目录你放哪里，对应的vmid是什么，自己对着改

(venv) root@CT121:~# ls -l
total 447568
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 458301317 Jun  1 16:25 NVIDIA-Linux-x86_64-550.54.14-merged-vgpu-kvm-patched-kernel6.8-OA5500.run
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root       960 Jun  1 16:42 test.py
drwxr-xr-x 6 root root      4096 Jun  1 16:36 venv

然后尝试跑跑测试脚本

(venv) root@CT121:~# ls -l
total 447568
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 458301317 Jun  1 16:25 NVIDIA-Linux-x86_64-550.54.14-merged-vgpu-kvm-patched-kernel6.8-OA5500.run
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root       966 Jun  1 16:46 test.py
drwxr-xr-x 6 root root      4096 Jun  1 16:36 venv
(venv) root@CT121:~# python test.py 
NVIDIA CMP 40HX
               n=128  n=512  n=2048
torch.float32  0.404  5.891   6.457
torch.float16  0.349  0.904   0.917
(venv) root@CT121:~# nvidia-smi vgpu
Sat Jun  1 16:48:55 2024       
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| NVIDIA-SMI 550.54.14              Driver Version: 550.54.14                 |
|---------------------------------+------------------------------+------------+
| GPU  Name                       | Bus-Id                       | GPU-Util   |
|      vGPU ID     Name           | VM ID     VM Name            | vGPU-Util  |
|=================================+==============================+============|
|   0  NVIDIA CMP 40HX            | 00000000:01:00.0             |   3%       |
|      3251634326  GRID RTX600... | c269...  windows10,debug-... |      3%    |
+---------------------------------+------------------------------+------------+
(venv) root@CT121:~# uname -a
Linux CT121 6.8.4-3-pve #1 SMP PREEMPT_DYNAMIC PMX 6.8.4-3 (2024-05-02T11:55Z) x86_64 GNU/Linux

与虚拟机vGPU共同运行的测试图

 结束语

通过使用杂种驱动，可以让宿主机不失去cuda能力的同时，启用vGPU

但需要注意，任何宿主机cuda负载都有可能吃显存，因此可能造成虚拟机反而打不开vGPU

因此建议先启动虚拟机后，再在宿主机上运行cuda负载

实际上，并不推荐在宿主机上搞这么多花活，建议还是用虚拟机解决cuda需求

 

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使用杂种vGPU驱动保留宿主机CUDA能力
问题背景 当使用官方版本的vGPU驱动时，默认不会安装CUDA等外围 因此在宿主机启用vGPU时，CUDA等功能无法使用 但在某些特殊场景下，又希望在宿主机上使用同时N……
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